OUTLINE Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

OUTLINE - Research Paper Example This paper aims to analyze the fundamental elements of communication, the effect of self-concept, perceptions, listening habits, language differences and non-verbal elements on communication. Furthermore this paper ends up creating a discussion on personal methods to resolve the communication barriers and strategies to promote healthy interpersonal communication and relationships. II. Main Points A. Elements of Communication Process and their Importance 1. A brief intro to the elements and their relevant importance in the communication process 2. Factors affecting Communication Process B. Role of Self-Concept and Perception in Communication 1. Self-Concept and Perception with definition 2. The positive and negative impacts on communication C. Non-Verbal elements 1. The effects of non-verbal elements on Communication 2. The evaluation of environment, noise and other distractions on Communication D. Language Differences & Listening Skills 1. The effects of language differences and list ening skills on communication patterns 2. Impacts of these elements on communication effectiveness E. Resolving Communication Barriers 1. Personal Methods to resolve barriers 2.

The Importance of Theory and Research in Child Development Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Theory and Research in Child Development Essay In order for us to understand how a child develops we must conduct research on theories that we believe and others believe to be true. When we do understand the development of children we will be able to understand the skills and behaviors of children. This will help us to understand why they will not eat certain foods or how children of different ages react differently to certain things. In the early 20th century many theories were put forward to help explain why and how children develop. A theorist who played a major influence in how we understand children was Jean Piaget. According to Mossler (2014) â€Å"While administering Binet’s intelligence test to Parisian schoolchildren, he became fascinated by children’s incorrect answers. After many years of observing the mental limitations of children, including his own, Piaget came to the conclusion that children of different ages think differently.† (p. 16) When an individual says the phrase â€Å"I did that with my children and it worked fine for them,† I believe that they are trying to get the other individual to do what they did with their children. Whether they are explaining to them how they punished their children or how they made it easier for them to learn something. This statement is not true in all cases. How one child understands and learns can be different than how another child understands and learns. For example, growing up my parents would punish me by spanking me, by doing this I learned that what I was doing was wrong. In order to teach me something new, my parents would show me how to do it once and then let me try it. This method of teaching has always worked with me but with my little sister, she had to study it a few times before she got the hang of it. It is important to utilize developmental theory to explain a foundational knowledge of childrens development so that parents and caregivers will be able to properly raise  these children in healthy and trusting environments. According to Virginia Department of Social Services (2004) Child development is the foundation upon which early childhood practice is bas ed. Because the psychomotor, socioemotional, cognitive, and linguistic developmental domains are inter-related, early childhood professionals in all types of programs (e.g., family child care homes, early childhood education centers) must comprehend both the processes of development and the adult’s role in supporting each child’s growth, development, and learning. (p. 1) Scholarly researchers will form a hypothesis, and then while referring back to previous research or writing by other academics or scholars, conduct research on the hypothesis in order to make their information available to the rest of the scholars. Unlike scholarly research, anecdotal evidence is something that is experienced by the researcher and is not considered very reliable. According to Mossler (2014) â€Å"Anecdotal evidence is not a substitute for good research. Only controlled experimental studies can properly answer the question of cause and effect.† (p. 48) Cognitive developmental theory i s founded on the idea that children gain knowledge by exploring and influencing the world that is all around them. According to Mossler (2014) â€Å"After many years of observing the mental limitations of children, including his own, Piaget came to the conclusion that children of different ages think differently. Mental activity evolves in a predictable pattern of distinct stages related to natural maturation of the brain (Piaget, 1983).† (p. 16) The key points to Piagets theory of cognitive development are the four stages of his theory. The first stage is the sensorimotor stage, which occurs from the time the child is born up to the age of two. In this stage the idea that infants â€Å"think† by influencing the world around them is considered. The second stage is the preoperational stage, which occurs from the age of two to the age of seven. This is characterized stage by the impression that children use symbols to represent their discoveries. In the third stage, the concrete operational stage, transpires when the child is seven up to eleven years old. This stage is categorized by the idea that children’s reasoning becomes focused and logical. In the final stage, the formal operational stage, children from ages eleven to adulthood are described by the indication that children develop the ability to think in abstract ways. (Boundless, 2015) The value of continued learning is important for an individual to learn and  grow. The way we think and act is constantly evolving and this happens from new understandings, new knowledge and new skills. We should incorporate both personal experience and scholarly research grounded in theory in order to learn new things and help others learn them as well. Most research starts with an idea and is developed from there. References Boundless. â€Å"Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development.† Boundless Psychology. Boundless, 27 Jun. 2014. Retrieved 05 Apr. 2015 from https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/human-development-14/theories-of-human-development-70/piaget-s-theory-of-cognitive-development-270-12805/ Mossler, R. (2nd ed.). (2014). Child and Adolescent Development. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education. Virginia Department of Social Services. (2004). Competencies for early childhood professionals’ area II: Understanding child growth and development. Retrieved from http://www.dss.virginia.gov/files/division/cc/provider_training_development/intro_page/publications/competencies/chapters_individually/04.pdf

Stroke Mortality Among Alaska Native People :: Article Review, Ronnie Horner

My article review is on, â€Å"Stroke Mortality Among Alaska Native People†, by Ronnie Horner. The Alaskan Natives have been suffering with the vast number of mortality rates caused by strokes. This article was written to successfully understand the Alaskan’s stroke problem or factors that contribute to this problem, and eventually find strategies that will aid in its prevention. The only problem that exists with trying to come up with strategies for prevention is the sparseness of the epidemiological data of the Alaskan Natives. It is hard to categorize the Alaskans in one separate group, the Horner states, â€Å"to its failure to consider Alaska Native People as one distinct cultural group, one among the many that comprise the American Indian/Alaska Native designation†(Horner 1). This creates a problem because it puts limitations on the efficiency of the epidemiology of the Alaskan Natives. With this being said, patterns have arisen in the number of stroke vict ims that are Alaskan Natives, â€Å"Stroke Mortality appears to be significantly elevated among relatively younger American Indians/Alaska Natives compared to US whites of similar age† (Horner 1). This shows that there must be an unknown factor that has led or caused the younger Natives to have a stroke. Something must had to change because the word â€Å"elevated† is used which indicates recently increased to what it normally was. It seems that Alaskan Natives are the number one ethnic group that is impacted by Stroke Mortality, Horner points out, â€Å"Of note, data for the 1990’s indicate that stroke mortality has decreased in all racial ethnic groups except for American Indians/ Alaskan Natives†(Horner 1). In detail this article attempts to figure out what factors are causing these elevations in stroke mortality that is not seen in any other ethnic group. Methods/Results/Conclusion The doctors had to first gather the death certificate data of the Alas kan Natives, Horner states, We conducted an analysis of death certificate data for the state of Alaska for the period 1984 to 2003, comparing age standardized stroke mortality rates among Alaska Natives residing in Alaska vs. US whites by age category, genders, stroke type, and time† (Horner 1). This will allow the doctors to examine the data to really conclude that Alaskan Natives were more prone to strokes than whites. With this data the doctors also need a population of Alaskans that they could carefully examine and study, Horner explains, â€Å"the study population was defined as all Alaskan residents who self-identified as Alaskan Native People.

Types of Equipment Essay

1.1 Identify different types of equipment and their uses There are many different types of office equipment. The main ones found in most offices are: Chair – To sit on Desk – To sit at and rest Computer Monitor – pens – work etc. Also for storage. Telephone – To contact p Desk – It can be different size or shape depending of office needs. High Tec Telephone – It could be hand free set or just have different features such as: answering machine, calls on hold, address book and match more. High Tec Printer – It could include all in one functions, such as: scanner – scan from both sides printer – print color, print both sides, staple, print different sizes and different formats. photocopier – copy color, both sides, staple, can be zoomed in/out produce high volumes of printouts/copies very quickly File Cabinets – Different size for different office needs, can also be draws and be protected with lock. File trays – Can be the size for filing cabinets or good size for the use on my desc, also could be attached to walls for different paperwork. Computer – Can be with different size of screen, can be adjusted for ergonomic needs. Also could be portable. 1.3 Explain why different types of equipment are chosen for tasks Any equipment I choose will make the task take up as little as your time as possible so I could meet targets and deadlines, and also the equipment that can help me to complete the task to the best standard. Also not one piece of equipment can do everything, so it means I would need various types of office equipment to complete the task. An example of making a poster, I probably would use my computer, printer and laminator. 2: Understand the purpose of following instructions and health and safety procedures 2.1 Explain the purpose of following manufacturer’s instructions when using equipment The purpose to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the following reasons: Failureto do so can invalidate the warranty of the piece of equipment – this could be very expensive for your company. The manufacturer knows the likely problemsand sets out the instructions to help you findthe solution in the quickest way possible. Following the instructions means that everyone will follow aset procedure. The engineer will thenbe able to work out what you have done andin whatorder. 2.2 Explain the purpose of following organisational instructions when using equipment Failure to follow organisational instructions can result damage or injury, or even failure to get the proper outcome from using the equipment. It is important that I produce my work to best possible way to meet requirements  of the person who set the task. This shows I’m responsible and I can be relied upon to get things done. I will also needto be aware oforganisationalprocedures relating tosolvingequipment problems.This isbecause they may: set out who I must inform of the problem  give instructions as to who is and is not allowed to take action limit what staff may do 2.3 Identify health and safety procedures for using different types of equipment I must make myself aware of the potential hazards of any operation I may carry out, or any equipment I may use. In addition I must be aware of self operating rules, working procedures, instructions etc. I must not interfere with any item of equipment I’m not duly authorised to use it or maintain. I must use the right equipment for the job and keep the equipment tidy and in good working condition. I must use suitable safety equipment if needed. I must report any faults or damage to relevant staff or my Line Manager immediately. 2.4 Explain the purpose of following health and safety procedures when using equipment To stay healthy and safe. To avoid injury. To prevent or at least limit harm to people around me. To protect equipment and facilities. To get the most accurate results from the equipment 2.5 Explain the purpose of keeping equipment clean and hygienic The purpose is for equipment to run faster and more efficiently. The standards are no dust on the machinery and also to keep it at a reasonable temperature. Also it is important to keep it clean and hygienic which means it is free from dirt, germ and bacteria. for example, food and drink should be kept well away from any equipment in case anything get knocked over and causes damage. if you spill something over or near a piece of equipment you should clean it up straight away. 3: Understand how to use equipment in a way that minimises waste 3.1 Give examples of waste when using equipment An example of waste when using office equipment is when most of employees leave their computers on standby all night. Even when though it is on standby, they are still using electricity. Also printing out multiple copies of documents to find that there are spelling mistakes so they will need to be discarded as waste. 3.2 Give examples of ways to reduce waste There are many ways that a company can cut down on waste, they can do things like double sided printing, double checking work before printing and doing a test print before printing out multiple documents will cut down waste of paper and ink. 3.3 Explain the purpose of minimising waste Keeping waste to a minimum in the business environment serves the same purposes it does everywhere else: it decreases the amount of waste a business contributes to the environment Reducing waste is key to minimizing an individual’s or business’s environmental impact by reducing air and water pollution and limiting the amount of material that ends up in landfills. Reducing waste can also serve to save a business money. By enacting plans that conserve materials, they will inevitably cut down on the amount of materials they need to purchase. Likewise, any attempt to reduce carbon emissions inevitably relies on a reduction of energy use, which means less money spent on electricity and fuel. The advantage of applying waste minimization principles in a business environment is that it impacts a larger number of people than would applying them in one’s home. Such  actions can also serve to improve a business’s image. 4: Know about the different types of problems that may occur when using equipment and how to deal with them 4.1 Give examples of equipment problems There are many things that can go wrong when using office equipment such as: paper jams, most of the time it can be easily solved, but there might be times when have to be reported and have to call out engineer, as paper could be in one of the operating units where I wouldn’t be able to access it, or it could also be a damage of the unit. network connection problems, if it goes on for some time, I would have to report it to our IT team to take a look at it. running out of toner/ink when using the printer/scanner/photocopier, this can be easily solved by replacing toner/ink units. 4.2 Explain the purpose of following manufacturer’s instructions and organisational procedures when dealing with problems It is important follow manufacturer’s instructions and organisational procedures as servicing faulty equipment can be very expensive, and not following instructions often results in a problem. The more problems are caused, the more money company have to spend and it also affects work quality, as equipment fault or even breakdown can delay my work deadlines. The company I work for have to follow established procedures to operate efficiently. 4.3 Give examples of how to deal with problems Example of my computer being crashed – Make sure my documents are set to auto-save every 10 minutes to prevent loss of work I’ve done. Example of a printer, my printed document is smudged – The ink cartridge is running low and it needs to be replaced. The paper jam – Manually remove the jammed paper from the printer. Always follow the instructions given on the printer screen, open printer in correct order. 5: Understand the purpose of meeting work standards and deadlines 5.1 Explain the purpose of meeting work standards and deadlines when using equipment A goodexample of the importance ofmeeting work standards when usingoffice equipment concerns the use of company email.Most office staff use email regularlythroughout the dayto contact other members of staff, as well as external customers and suppliers and dealers. There are company standards on the use of email which will indicate the correct language to be used – slang, text speak and bad language are never acceptable when emailing at work. The use of personal email during work times will also be subject to limits and will almost certainly bemonitored. Companies can and do monitor staff use of email usingspecial softwareprograms which will flag up certain words orphrases – so, be aware, and never assumeanything I put in an email is private. The company I work for always have deadlines by which certain tasks must be completed. Deadlines areimportant for staff as they tell them when things need to becompleted in order that the business can meet its KPI’s ( targets ). 6: Understand the purpose of leaving equipment and the work area ready for the next user 6.1 Explain the purpose of leaving equipment and the work area ready for the next user Whenever I finish using officeequipment it is important that you leave the work area exactly asyou found it. This means: I can’t leave any mess lying around I can’t leave the workarea insuch away that someone else has to clear up after you before they can begin usingthe equipment. Imagine that I had to print 100 copies of a attachments for payslips. When you arrive at the printer ready to collect your printouts, I find that my  work is all mixed up with someone else’s, which has simply been left on the printer. This examplehighlights the point that takingcare totidy away aftermyself is a necessary partof working with othersand sharing equipment. If everyone simply left their work lying around, it would not be long before the whole office was totallyunusable.

Cause and Effect of Bullying Essay

Why are students bulled? Why are they bulled? What makes other want to bully others? If bullies have victimized you you would understand how it feels to be bulled. You wonder why this is happening to you. We all know that bullying is wrong. Bringing someone down has no beneficial purpose. The person being victimized is going through the hardest time of their life; but to the bully it makes them feel good and take that moment to do permanent damage to the victim. There are many causes and effects to bulling and they both lead to each other. There is always a reason why a person is being bullying or why he or she is bulling. One of the effects of bulling is it could bring down the victims self-confidence. It can cause depression, suicidal thoughts, suicidal attempts, abnormal fears, and worries. The victims would have fear of speaking publicly or joining any sports or groups. It could create sleep disorders, nervous habits, poor appetite, digestive problems, school problems, and rage. The victim can have nervous brake down and frequently crying. The effect of bulling can lead the victim to wonder if they are doing anything wrong, think twice about the actions being taken. Never show them selves or try to make friends. These are some effects of bulling but, why causes bulling? The causes of bullying would be neglect from parents and parents uninvolved with their children. The bullies want to get noticed because they don’t have any attention at home. The bullies like having power over their peers. They think its cool and funny; bullies have an aggressive personality and lack of adult supervision. They are usually jealousy of other who have it better and torment the victims to bring up their self-confidence. They also take revenge on their victims. They want to take their feelings out on others. They believe that by bulling they get power. They believe that just because they have power they can get away with things. They might also bully because they have low self-confidence issues. These are some causes of bullying. The causes of bullying could lead up to the effects of bullying. Bullies bully because they are neglected and take out their anger on their peers. They want to bring others down so they could bring them selves up. They have lack of supervisions form parents, teachers, and school staff. There are many reasons why people bully but they bully mostly because they want to be noticed.

buy custom Public International Law essay

buy custom Public International Law essay Over the past decades, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has implicated itself in numerous conflicts across the globe with the endeavor of offering practicable solutions to inherent political upheavals. The present conflicts in Libya and the on going militant aggressions in parts of the Middle East are a few areas in which the world has witnessed its attachment. However, despite its efforts of promoting global peaceful coexistence amid nations, it has, in numerous occasions, faced criticisms for its way of handling crucial instances of human rights violations. This write up examines the powers of the United Nations Security Council with greater emphasis on the problematic issue of expanding its peacekeeping remit. The paper focuses on the motivational reasons behind its formation at the done of the second global conflict, its objectives, powers and failures in addressing it prime objectives. The United Nations Security Council is the key U.N appendage tasked with the principal objective of fostering international peace and security. It has a foundation that dates back to1946 at the done of the Second World War. Crisell (2007) reiterates that the formation of the United Nations Security Council emanated as a consequences of the second global conflict. The need for global tranquility possible to propagate the fittingly desirable economic expansion acted as a motivation for its conception. The institute, formed to exemplify the benefits of coexistence and global peace among nations, aimed to promote peace in nations across the globe and act to avoid the consequences of another global confrontation. De Wet (2004, p.123) denotes that since its formation, the organization has faced shores of criticism including its handling of global conflicts and the handling of groupings accused of violating human rights across the world. Similarly, De Wet (2004) observes that many have over the years viewed it as a stage for holding international baseless talks. Nonetheless, she is indicative of the certain areas that it has excelled by restoring peace through introduction of fiscal sanctions on belligerent and dictatorial regimes. The institute is the most authoritative unit of the United Nations organization. It comprises representatives from fifteen nations with two categories of membership. A clique of members is termed permanent as they enjoy unending membership to the union (Vanhulle, 2009). At the onset of the entity, the organization had five permanent members, who were the victors of the second global conflict. The list included the United Kingdom, Taiwan, the USSR and France. Over the years, a revision of the initial group has resulted in the inclusion of the peoples republic of China as a replacement for Taiwan in 1973. Similarly, following the crumble of the USSR, Russia assumed the ensuing available position in 1991. Currently, the five nations comprising the special body include China, United Kingdom, Russia, States and France (Hurd, 2008). According to Hurd (2008, p. 242), the other ten members have an impermanent association that expires every two years. Their election is on the basis of their geographical location and regional memberships across the globe. The regional groups do the proposition of these members before an approval by the U.Ns general assembly. Similarly, all the members of the entity are members of regional groupings. Such groupings include the African collection, The Latin America and Caribbean cluster, The Asian set, The Eastern Europe group and the western European assembly and other assemblies while the U.S.A is a stand alone entity. Each individual groups contribution to the membership of the Security Council follows a predetermined allocation as follows. Africa proposes three members, Western Europe and other members contribute two associates, and Latin America and Caribbean add two, Asia two members while the Eastern Europe contributes the remaining one member (Hurd 2008, p. 242). The composition of the permanent membership has over the decades raised criticism with nations like India, Japan, Germany and Brazil seeking its expansion to include twenty five nations (Crisell 2007). De Wet (2004, p. 12) denotes that, the expansion of the Security Council requires an approval by about two thirds of the overall U.Ns general assembly. Reportedly, the presidency of the council is a rotational activity among member countries based on the alphabetical order of their English names and lasts about one month. Each member of the Security Council must maintain a representative at all times within reach of the U.N headquarters in New York City to facilitate decision making in the event of an emergency. Hurd (2008, p. 29) outlines the functions of the UNSC as to foster international peace and security in line with the guidelines of the UNs propositions. It is bestowed the task of investigating disputes and events that may lead to a misunderstanding amid nations and report to the UN recommendations of dealing with such acts. Similarly, it impress on members to adopt non forceful means of dispute resolution such as economic sanctions to avert possible aggressions among nations, take forceful action against aggressive nations. Lastly, they participate in the formulation of strategies that aim at regulation of armaments. Hurd (2008, p.31) indicates that the council has the advisory function in the admission of novel members. UNSC Veto Power The major difference amid the provisional and undeviating membership of the UNSC is the veto power exhibited by the permanent members. De Wet (2004, p. 124) observes that this unlimited power exhibited by the five permanent member nations affords them the ability to shut down any scheme championed by member nations irrespective of the extent of support the scheme enjoys within the international community. The exercise of this power is evident when a disgruntled permanent member casts a negated vote on a significant draft resolution. According to Hurd (2008, p. 35), veto power had its foundations in the foregone league of nations back in the nineteen twenties. The presence of up to fifteen members with veto power made decisions impossible to make. Each member could easily shut down any unfriendly ideas proposed in the leagues sessions. At the conception of the UNSC, nations sort to establish a similar right as this appeared favorable in the protection of each member states sovereignty, national rights and interests. Additionally, the benefits principle powers of the globe acting, as one in the solution of a global situation was apparently favorable to the chiefcountries (Hurd 2008). It is evident from this preposition that the idea behind the UNSC establishment was to serve the self interests of the world superpowers right from the beginning. The need to establish the veto was to minimize conflicts a mid the powerful nations by ensuring the presence of an agreement on major issues. Additionally, it ensured that the UN had deficient capacity to issue directives that jeopardized any future actions by any of its founding members. However, it addressed the issue of bringing all the major powers together. Apparently, this had contributed to the breakup of the previous League of Nations, evident in the expulsion of the USSR 1939 (Hurd 2008). According to Vanhulle (2009), the provisions for Veto powers have their basis in chapter five of the charter of the United Nations and defined by article 27. Since its inception, the principle of Veto has severally found applications in the functions of the UNSC and has formed a core factor in decisions made in the execution of its duties. Hurd (2008) reports that, over the decade, the number of resolutions vetoed had continuously increased reaching 215 by the year 2009. Reportedly, the cold war era saw a wide use of the principle reaching a maximum of five vetoes per year. However, the past decade has witnessed a considerable decline in vetoes equaling an approximate one veto a year. Observably, the use of the veto has over the years reflected the ambassadorial stand of the vetoing nation on issues deemed sensitive to its national principles. The trepidation of the veto by permanent members of the UNSC has seen modest involvement of these members of the UNSC in international confrontations in which a colleague is involved. This was evident in the Vietnam hostilities of 1979, the Afghan war of 1979, Iraq conflict of 2003 and Georgian war of 2008 (Hurd2008). In all the above mentioned conflicts, there was massive abuse of human rights. The conflicts meant to serve personal interests of the involved nations. The individuals who suffered the consequences of the ensued military aggressions did not deserve the levels suffering to which they were exposed. The inherent fear by the UNSC to act in all these accounts discredits its principle objective of subverting human suffering through the establishment of mediation among the wrangling nations. These actions serve to confirm the already established view that the UNSC only acts to serve its interests (Hurd2008). Crisell (2007) denotes that while the lack of action by the UNSC was in some cases attributable to fear of the veto, certain cases they failed to upon owing to sheer lack of interest. Iran Iraq conflict of 1980- 1986 and the recent Darfur conflict of 2003are excellent instances in which despite the knowledge of the conflict, the UNSC simply failed to act. It is equally vital to put into perspective the recent Afghanistan and Iraqi wars in the critical investigation of the roles of the UNSC. UNSC and Its handling of Global Diplomatic and Political Issues Vanhulle (2009) observes that the United Nations has over 100000 peace keeping troops and staff around the globe. However, incidences warranting the use of these peace keepers to avert possible human suffering have occurred without any intervention from the intentional peace keepers. Crisell (2007) denotes that the issue of peace keeping is a function of the UN executed by the UNSC. Such discriminatory acts are a reflection of the general perception of the council about the stirring events. The discriminatory way of handling diplomatic and political issues is evident in the 1994s Rwandan Genocide. Crisell (2007) observes that Rwanda was a poor country deficient in natural minerals and dismal economic impacts to stir the thoughts of the UNSC. Furthermore, by 1994, they had limited political influence across the Africa continent to influence any interests of the permanent five. The ensuing political wrangling saw the deaths of over a million people. Vanhulle (2009) reports that the UNSC were well informed about the ongoing tribal cleansing but did extremely petite to rescue the situation. Reportedly, there was an inherent unwillingness among the fifteen member nations to send troops. According to Vanhulle (2009), there was no sufficient influence to rescue the situation. Another case denoting the UNSCs inability to mediate in conflicts is the 2003s Darfur situation. Reportedly, the Sudanese government allegedly sponsored a group of militias called Janjaweed to commit acts of human rights violations to the indigenous Darfur population. The ensuing acts of racial cleansing and genocide left scores dead while a significant number of the remaining populace suffered from rape and extensive body mutilations. Vanhulle (2009) denotes that the intelligence concerning such actions reached the UNSC but they remained unresponsive and did little to alleviate their suffering. After numerous media reports, the UN through the African union assembled a small team to provide the necessary peace. However, the force lacked vital equipments and logistics to duly execute its duties. The troops were few and lacked proper preparation in handling the fastidious difficulty (Vanhulle 2009). According to Vanhulle (2009), there is a general fear by any of the permanent five to involve itself in such activities. According to Vanhulle (2009), such direct involvement is indicative of permanent nations potential interest in such area. This is indicative of the little significance of these nations to the overall global agenda. Developing countries with poorly trained solders and murky influence on the Security Council are compelled to commit soldiers to such areas. With insufficient training and equipments like choppers to execute their duties, they realized mixed achievements. Reportedly, only after an intensive media campaigns did a few of the permanent five unenthusiastically sent soldiers to the Darfur region. While these events, especially in the African continent, left the African UNSC ambassadors bitter, no official complaints fearing feasible political repercussions. Contrastingly, when Iraq invaded Kuwait, there was a swift rejoinder from United States of America. Vanhulle (2009) attributes this to huge petroleum deposits Kuwait had at the time of the Iraqi invasion. As a one of the major exporter of oil to the U.S, the super power moved in alacrity to sabotage the attack. Crisell (2007) observes that, interestingly, no other member of the permanent five acted in any way to mediate in the conflict. This is attributtable to the fear of future repercussions of such actions such as vetoing resolutions fronted by a member of the permanent five. According to Hurd (2008, p. 126), the UN failed despondently in handling the cold war. Discussions on the issue by the UNSC were mugging debates that made little steps in unraveling the underlying problem. The UN failed to address the progressive armaments and development nuclear bombs. Hurd (2008) denotes that the present regulations and laws were lacking an appropriate implementation scheme that could compel the abolishment of the war. Similarly, the UNSC has failed to offer an enduring elucidation to the progressive Israeli Arab conflict. Hurd (2008) denotes that over the years, the Middle East issue has occupied massive debating time in UNs sessions but, over the decades, the persistent deliberations have yielded exceedingly gloomy results. Hurd (2008) observes that over the decades, Israel has faced unwarranted criticism from the members of the UNSC. Numerous UN resolutions passed over the past decades portrays Israel as culpable for the numerous incidences of human rights violation across the Middle East. However, there exists known massive human rights violation witnessed in countries like china and Russia that are unmentioned yet these nations are permanent members of the UNSC. Hurd (2008) notes that such discriminatory and biased reporting characterizes many resolutions past in the last decades aimed at curbing the Israeli influence. According to Crisell 2007, over the past decades, the U.N has appeared to support militant groups with close association to terrorist groups. During the Israeli invasion of Uganda in 1976 to rescue Israeli civilians, there reports within the U.N circles condemning Israels lack of respect to Ugandan sovereignty. This stand was disturbing noting that Israeli civilians were captives under Palestine militants who received support from the Ugandan Government. Similarly, Crisell (2007) takes note of the anti-Semitic abuses directed at Israelites in the recent past at global events aimed at ironing out issues of the Middle East conflict. UNSC and Moral disparagement According to Crisell (2007), past leaders of the organization, have aced to point out mistakes the organization has found itself in over the past years. Notable is a former ambassador to the UN, Dore in his book, alleged that the organization has over the years lost its moral clarity upon which it was created. Crisell (2007) notes that the UNSC preaches democracy and uplifting and respecting human rights while at the same time accepts members reputed for massive violation of theses rights. These vies have acted to add to the growing perception that the UN is a club of rigid traditionalist concerned with championing individual rights and interests. Crisell (2007) denotes another moral upheaval in regard to the influence the UNSC have on subsidiary UN organs like the United Nations population funds, UNPF. Reportedly, religious groupings have over the decades single out this UN organ as an avenue for channeling funds for forced abortions. Similarly, wrangles have emerged amid the permanent five over the control of the various funding organs within the UN. UNSC and Administrative disparagement Hurd (2008) recognizes that the permanent members of the UNSC have coined themselves a hub that permits unchecked powers of individual state. This is evident in the nuclear power capability of all the permanent members. It lacks a clear cut global representation of the member countries. This has persistently raised issues and led to other up coming member states questioning its commitment to global peace and stability (Hurd 2008, p. 165). There are persistent qualms with the term and conditions of service of the temporary member states. They persistently fight to have nations with no nuclear capacity involved in the permanent membership. Vanhulle (2009) denotes that it is discriminative to lock out member states deficient in nuclear technology out of the UNSC. They argue that, they represent a huge fraction of the global populace and thus deserves be heard. The act of private meetings among the Permanent members before presenting their agreements to the overall UN council is termed dictatorial. Vanhulle (2009) denotes that such acts have persistently infuriated members of the UN council as they see it as an act that undermines their authority. Reforms at the UNSC Vanhulle (2009) denotes that the key to an overall change to the UN and its various organs is dependant on the possibility of altering the veto power of the permanent members. Hurd (2008) indicates that, while member states find the veto power disturbing and unnecessary, it is significant in ensuring a balance of power amid the global superpowers. It aids in keeping in check, the actions one powerful nation through the isolation of its proposed resolutions. Vanhulle (2009) denotes that the removal of the permanent five is essentially impossible. He points at the article 108 and 109 of the UN charter that gives the unilateral power to the Permanent five over the decision on the amendments of the UN charter. Seemingly, this is practically, impossible, as no nation would willingly surrender such amount of power (Vanhulle 2009). De Wet (2004) denotes the UN general assemblys resolution 377 as a possible avenue for amending the permanent five hold on global power. The resolution which explains that in the event of failure by the UNSC to act in maintenance of peace and security owing to a veto by one of the permanent five, then the general assembly is liable to take up the matter. This it will do under the auspice of emergency special session warranting it to requests for unscheduled meetings. Such meetings do not recognize the respective members veto powers and thus provides opportunity for implementing changes. Conclusion In the contemporary society, any institution persistently facing unanswered inquisitions about its legitimacy stands to crumble if those inquisitions fail to get a satisfactory and optimum answer. The emergence of such intentional organizations is in response to the rigidity inherent in organizations like the UN. The emerging economic superpowers like India and Brazil needs an avenue through which to address critical issues affecting their interest and the interest of their partners. The UN with its rigid UNSC has failed to address this quandary. Buy custom Public International Law essay

Qing Dynasty, Chinas Last Imperial Family

Qing Dynasty, China's Last Imperial Family Chinas last imperial family, the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), was ethnically Manchu rather than Han Chinese, the vast majority of the nations population.  The dynasty emerged in Manchuria, northern China, in 1616 under the leadership of Nurhaci of the Aisin Gioro clan.  He renamed his people the Manchu; they were previously known as the Jurchen.  The Manchu dynasty took control of Beijing in 1644 with the fall of the Ming Dynasty.  Their conquest of the rest of China ended only in 1683, under the famed Kangxi Emperor. Fall of the Ming Dynasty Ironically, a Ming general who had formed an alliance with the Manchu army invited them into Beijing in 1644.  He wanted their assistance in ousting an army of rebellious peasants led by Li Zicheng, who had captured the Ming capital and were trying to set up a new dynasty in accordance with the tradition of the Mandate of Heaven, the divine source of authority for China’s early kings and emperors.  After they reached Beijing and evicted the Han Chinese peasant army, the Manchu leaders decided to stay and create their own dynasty rather than restore the Ming. The Qing Dynasty assimilated some Han ideas, such as using the civil service exam system to promote capable bureaucrats.  They also imposed some Manchu traditions on the Chinese, such as requiring men to wear their hair in the long braid, or queue.  However, the Manchu ruling class held themselves apart from their subjects in many ways.  They never intermarried with Han women, and Manchu noblewomen did not bind their feet.  Even more than the Mongol rulers of the Yuan Dynasty, the Manchus largely stayed separate from the greater Chinese civilization. Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries This separation proved a problem in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as the western powers and Japan began to impose themselves increasingly on the Middle Kingdom.  The Qing were unable to stop the British from importing massive amounts of opium into China, a move intended to create Chinese addicts and shift the balance of trade in the UKs favor.  China lost both Opium Wars of the mid-19th century- the first with Britain and the second with Britain and France- and had to make embarrassing concessions to the British. As the century wore on and Qing China weakened, other countries, including France, Germany, the U.S., Russia, and even former tributary state Japan, made increasing demands for trade and diplomatic access.  This sparked a wave of anti-foreigner sentiment in China encompassing not only the invading western traders and missionaries  but also the Qing emperors themselves.  In 1899-1900, it exploded into the Boxer Rebellion, which initially targeted the Manchu rulers as well as other foreigners.  Empress Dowager Cixi eventually was able to convince Boxer leaders to ally with the regime against the foreigners, but once more, China suffered a humiliating defeat. The defeat of the Boxer Rebellion was the death knell for the Qing Dynasty.  It limped on until 1911, when the Last Emperor, the child ruler Puyi, was deposed.  China descended into the Chinese Civil War, which was interrupted by the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II and continued until the Communists victory in 1949. Qing Emperors This list of Qing emperors shows their birth names, imperial names where applicable, and years of rule: Nurhaci, 1616-1636Huang Taiji, 1626-1643Dorgon, 1643-1650Fulin, Shunzhi Emperor, 1650-1661Xuanye, Kangxi Emperor, 1661-1722Yinzhen, Yongzheng Emperor, 1722-1735Hongli, Qianlong Emperor, 1735-1796Yongyan, Jiaqing Emperor, 1796-1820Minning, Daoguang Emperor, 1820-1850Yizhu, Xianfeng Emperor, 1850-1861Zaichun, Tongzhi Emperor, 1861-1875Zaitian, Guangxu Emperor, 1875-1908Puyi, Xuantong Emperor, 1908-1911

Should You Do What You Love for a Living What are the Pros and Cons

Should You Do What You Love for a Living What are the Pros and Cons Do what you love. That sounds so lovely and so easy, right? Pick your obvious passion, and find a way to get paid for it. Easy peasy†¦except when it’s not. Doing what you love isn’t always the easy option- it could require sacrifices, complicated decisions, or even the realization that you don’t know what you love to do after all. So what do you do? Should you find a reliable career path that doesn’t stress you out, but also doesn’t really excite you? Or should you pursue that passion project, and risk it all on that path? There’s no one-size-fits-all answer here. Both have benefits and drawbacks. Let’s look at some of both.THE PROSLet’s say you’re feeling ready to turn that photography hobby into a small business, or take the job working for that tiny nonprofit instead of the wealthy conglomerate. What are the benefits?â€Å"Legacy is greater than currency.†If you choose a job that pays the bills but doesnâ⠂¬â„¢t feel like your calling, you don’t get any promises that it will pan out as the best financial option. But entrepreneur Gary Vaynerchuk is pretty militantly on the go for it side, arguing that you can monetize what you love, as long as you hustle.Money doesn’t have to be your personal currency.And I’m not talking about bitcoin or Chuck E. Cheese tokens here. Your relationship to your work may be your own personal currency, worth as much as the financial benefits you might find elsewhere. Don’t get me wrong, you still need money of the cold hard variety if you enjoy food, shelter, and wifi, but your personal currency might not always align with money considerations.You’re more invested in your job.If you’re doing something that engages you personally and professionally, you may be more likely to be attentive and creative.Stability might not outweigh misery.If you’re truly unhappy or under-stimulated at your stable-but-meh job, th e resulting stress and malaise could actually be harmful to your emotional and physical health. Some research suggests that happy employees are 12% more productive, so why not find work that makes you actually happy?You spend more time at work than anywhere else, so why not make it countWhen you think about spending 40+ hours a week doing something (anything), how does that make you feel? If the idea of spending that time processing Excel reports makes your face involuntarily scrunch up, that’s a sign that maybe you should look for something more in line with your interests.THE CONSNow let’s take a peek at the devil’s advocate side. What are the potential drawbacks of making your passion your career?It may close off other paths.If you lock yourself into a path you may have chosen as a youngster, you may not find it as easy to branch out and develop other skills, growth areas, etc. In his book So Good They Can’t Ignore You, Author Cal Newport argues that y ou’re better off bolstering skills instead of interests, and giving yourself career capital that you can use in various avenues throughout your career.There’s no guarantee your passion will be a fulfilling professional choice.Have you ever really wanted something, then gotten it, and realized that hmm, this isn’t as great as you thought it would be, in your head? There’s a real chance that following the â€Å"follow your passion† advice (you follow me?) isn’t a great long-term choice for you, once you get into the stage of needing it to pay the bills.â€Å"If you follow your passion, you’re probably going to fail.†Another Ted Talk-er, this time Benjamin Todd, a career coach, walks through the scenario of pursuing that passion, and finding that the work itself isn’t all that fulfilling. Todd argues that there’s no real evidence linking interest-matched jobs and job satisfaction.What if your passion changes?Most car eer choices don’t have to be made once and kept forever, but changing paths can be a major challenge. If you do choose your passion as a career, think hard about what happens if you wake up one morning and decide that you’re not so keen on that hobby that’s now your livelihood.What you love may not be where your talents lie.For example, I love TV. I love watching it, talking about it, reading about it. But as much as I enjoy it as an art form, the industry isn’t really aligned with my educational background or skill sets. Those are both things that can be picked up and developed, but personal investment isn’t always enough to make the professional leap. If you’re a rockstar at accounting, and can put together a profitable and reasonably satisfying career doing that, is that the worst thing in the world?How Do I Pursue My Passion as a Career?Okay, so if you’ve gotten through the pros and the cons, and still want to move forward with th is â€Å"do what you love† thing, there’s a major logistical problem: how? How do you get started? What do you consider? What do you do to move this ball forward, so that it’s no longer an â€Å"I should do this† pipe dream?Think hard about the choice you’re making.Career choices shouldn’t be made lightly, or impulsively- the consequences of your decision can mean the difference between loving your job and being unemployed and unhappy.Set a timeline.So many awesome ideas die on the vine because they get lost in the realities of daily life, and don’t have a schedule attached to them. I’ll do it later, tomorrow, next week. Once you’ve made the decision to pursue your passion project as a career, come up with your game plan. That includes timing. If you want to be in a new job by next year, start working on your resume and building skills now. Set interim goals that you can hit in the meantime, so you feel like you’r e making progress toward the ultimate goal of working in your passion field.Be realistic.If you’re 36, it’s probably too late to be a ballet dancer or an astronaut if you’re not already on that path. Turning to your inner child to help identify what you’re passionate about can be great, but this choice really needs to line up with the adult you’ve become, and your realities. Similarly, here’s where you decide if your love of Ukranian chamber music affords any actual job opportunities in your area. Dig in and do some research about what the job opportunities are for your interest.Take classes and build your skills.It may be that pursuing your passion means starting your own business. If that’s the case, learn everything you possibly can about how to start and run a business, and the various hardships you might face. Take classes online or in person to start building a structure to go with your new career goals.Be brave.At some point, y ou’re going to have to take a leap here. You should absolutely take the time to figure out if this is the right path for you, but you also need to be prepared to end that phase and just go for it.When you make the decision to go for it, understand that you’re taking a risk. But isn’t everything a risk when you get right down to it?What If I Don’t Know My Passion?A lot of pressure is put on the phrase â€Å"doing what you love,† that sweet spot where your interests, skills, and opportunities line up so magically. What if you like some things, are good at some things, but don’t know if that constitutes the kind of passion that demands a career change?Life coach Terri Trespicio advises you to stop looking so hard for that â€Å"passion.† Try different things, and don’t be afraid to fail while you look for the most fulfilling career path. â€Å"[Passion] is the full force of your attention and energy that you give to whatever is r ight in front of you. And if you’re so busy looking for this passion, you could miss opportunities that change your life. You could also miss out on great love because that’s what happens when you have tunnel vision trying to find the one.† Start by finding what you like to do, what you’re good at doing, and go from there. If you’re open to letting your passion find you instead of the other way around, you could find yourself on that â€Å"doing what you love† path without even meaning to be there.There’s no single way to pursue your â€Å"passion,† but as long as you put time and energy into figuring out a) what that is; or b) how that fits into your life and your career, chances are you’ll be just fine.

Slavery Throught The World Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Slavery Throught The World - Research Paper Example The history of human civilization is the most explicit document of the fact that corruptible capacity of power can be enhanced to such an elaborate extent that it finally gives birth to a situation of brutal aggression of one man or a community over another less powerful individual or community. Aristotle in Politics suggested quite prophetically that â€Å"†¦ [the] greatest crimes are caused by excess and not by necessity. Men do not become tyrants in order that they may not suffer cold; and hence, great is the honor bestowed, not on him who kills a thief, but on him who kills a tyrant† (Aristotle, 1932, p. 33). Thesis Statement: Judging the factors that are responsible behind genesis of slavery and helping in to take different shapes according to the changing course of time, it can be said that man’s insatiable hunger to gain power, in terms of money and recognition, his natural desire to survive as the fittest being and finally his indomitable desire to enjoy all the rights that society has enshrined to him even at the cost of depriving others, are main reasons that introduced the evil of slavery on the ideological backdrop of an equal and humanitarian existence. Most of the modern philosophers are of opinion that human interaction and development of human relations, both are dependent on respective person’s perception of power and how they are interpreting scope of such power. Max Weber defines power as an â€Å"†¦ [opportunity] existing within a social relationship which permits one to carry out one’s will even against resistance and regardless of the basis on which this opportunity rests† (Weber; Cited in Patterson, 1982, p. 1). One of the greatest philosophers of recent times and famous post-structuralist, Michel Foucault, though has defined power in a much simple way, suggesting that â€Å"power is a relation between forces, or rather every relation between forces is a ‘power relation’† (Deleuze,and

Globalising with a local flair Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Globalising with a local flair - Essay Example â€Å"The globalisation of markets has certainly accelerated through almost universal acceptance of the democratic free enterprise model and new communication technologies, including satellites and the Internet† (Cateora 2005). However, many of these companies that are inexperienced in marketing overseas incorrectly assume that their products or services will be easily accepted in foreign markets. Even when remaining concentrated within a single country or when marketing their goods to countries individually, companies facing international competitors will fare better if they have a global perspective in mind. As mentioned by Cateora, all these companies are or will be affected by competitive activity in the global marketplace (2005). To illustrate this concept, Cateora relates the story of US-based General Electric Lighting, who dominated the US lighting market until its rival, Westinghouse, sold its operations to Philips Electronics of Holland. Philips was then able to come in to the US market to compete from a stronger marketing position. Based on the experiences of companies such as General Electric Lighting and others, all companies that operate in international marketing arenas should adopt a modified globalisation strategy that includes a wide range of standardized products, but remains open to small market-specific variations designed to satisfy consumer needs, wants and tastes in smaller regions.

Sociol Economics Status Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sociol Economics Status - Essay Example This brings back the issue of socialization where irrespective of the class learners should be taught how to interact with each other by not considering their social classes. In reality, this may not be the case as the educational institution has taken another route when it comes to handling such issues of social class. This is attributed to the fact that children of the high class find themselves in very expensive schools with high rates of school fees and other requirements (Marsh, 2010). As for the middle and those of the lower class, they have a chance to socialize with each other as they can only afford education in the average schools which may not even have quality facilities for learning. The facilities and opportunities offered to those in the upper social class are not the same when compared to those in the lower and middle social classes. This in itself is challenging even when the students are outside the academic setting. The perception that the students have about each other is one that depicts a negative impression towards each other and it is the responsibility of the teacher to ensure that such a perception is handled while in school so that all social classes are able to merge well. The language used may not be a pleasing one for the different classes as it tends to depict a trait of discrimination for each other (Killen, 2009). Social stratification in society is becoming evident with the technological advances and it is upon those with the economic will to adopt the changes in order for them to change their social classes. This may not be possible for those in the lower and middle class as they may not be financially stable to adopt such changes. This leaves those in the upper class as the ones who are advanced through embracing changes and this determines the mode of interaction even while at school. This becomes a challenge especially for children in the upper class who are disengaged than their less fortunate peers. In a class setting the y are likely to portray weird characters such as fidgeting with objects when they are being addressed. As for those in the middle and lower classes they are confident and always maintain an eye contact when being addressed with several head nods an indication that they are concentrating (Churchill et al, 2011). This can be attributed to the fact that children in the upper social class are more reserved and are rarely exposed to environments that will allow them to gain rapport and become social in the social settings. This may affect their performance in class. In an educational institution attention has to be paid on both the class differences and the courses that are to be offered so that the content of the syllabus meets the demands of both social classes. This can be done by developing a better student support system where specific strategies are used in handling students of different social classes without concentrating on one social class than the other (Woolfolk & Margetts, 2 010). The teachers have to be specific about the classroom norms and rules of operation while in class as this can be a remedy to several challenges that are as a result of class differences. It is advisable that during teaching, the instructor should

Journal entry #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal entry #2 - Essay Example As revealed, through initially establishing a vision, termed as a writing workshop, teachers are able to experience the vast challenges in motivating students to write and therefore linking the vision to practical and contemporary applications. The challenges that were noted ranged from working within a limited time frame, limited space and resources; as well as the difficulties of working with other academic affiliates within the school setting. The findings indicated that the challenges faced by ESOL teachers and students parallel those experienced by native English speaking teachers; the need to adapt learning from various instructional media could not be replicated completely but should be tailored to the teaching style and situation; and finally, â€Å"teachers also need support and opportunities to work intensively over time with other teachers who are doing the same thing† (Peyton, Jones and Vincent 484). The article is deemed beneficial for teachers in terms of being apprised of the challenges faced when teaching writing for ESOL students; particularly through the provision of support and guidelines that would assist in encouraging students to develop and improve their writing skills. The lessons learned by the participants enhanced one’s awareness that these challenges were likewise experienced by native English speaking teachers and should therefore not preclude one from trying to motivate students to seek alternative means to improve their skills in writing through the suggested techniques, depending on the needs and resources

Poem Assignment Analysis or Character Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poem Analysis or Character - Assignment Example He yearns for the freedom of his earlier life. His lust for wandering is not yet over and he wants to roam the world with his old mariners. Although he is now back in his own kingdom with his wife and son he is still feeling restless and depressed. The poem brings out the agony of his heart as well as his indomitable spirit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The contentment of domestic life is not for a man like Ulysses who is a traveler at heart and by soul. He misses his eventful past life and regrets that he has to now â€Å"mete and dole/Unequal laws unto a savage race,† (Tennyson, 1090, line3). Ulysses’ age is not a barrier to him. His soul still yearns for fresh adventures -â€Å"Come, my friends,/  Tis not too late to seek a newer world.† (Tennyson, 1091, line56) Some of the lines in this poem are enjambed. This means that the sentences often end in the middle rather than the end of the lines. Also the thought expressed in the line does not end with the li ne break-up -  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I cannot rest from travel: I will drink  / Life to the lees: all times I have enjoyed† (Tennyson, 1090, line6) Here the poet expresses different thoughts in different sections of the poem. Initially we see legendary warrior who has returned home and finds the daily routine of life boring and mundane. His yearning for fresh adventures comes through in nearly every line. His aged wife gets mentioned only in two lines of the poem. Likewise he does not seem to have any attachment towards the subjects he governs. His attention is focused only on traveling with his old companions in search of fresh adventures.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ulysses thinks his son Telemachus shall be a prudent king. Telemachus will inherit the throne from his father and govern Ithaca. As for himself Ulysses only wants to venture out in search of a new world- â€Å"Come, my friends/Tis not too late to seek a newer world.† (Tennyson, 1091, line57) Ulysses is we ll aware of the risks involved but this does not deter him. Neither old age nor the fear of death frightens this old warrior. Instead he exhorts his mariners to come with him on one last voyage. This poem also makes a statement about defying death and old age. Although death is inevitable we should not allow the fear of death to stop us from reaching our goal. A man should have the courage to live for the moment. Thus we might say this poem is an allegory about mortality. This idea is expressed vividly in the following lines:-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å" We are not now that strength which in the old days     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Moved earth and heaven; that which we are, we are,     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One equal-temper of heroic he arts,     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.† (Tennyson, 1091, line66) Thus the feelings of the poet are similar to the sentiments expressed by Ulysses when he tells his men â€Å"To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.† (Tennyson, 1091, line70) It is the indomitable courage of Ulysses that appeals to the poet and which finds expression in this poem. It is this fearlessness, which is an integral part of Ulysses’s character. The Ulysses we find in this poem cannot be called a perfect hero. There are several flaws in his character. Perhaps these imperfections make him more

The past, present and future of standards in software engineering Essay

The past, present and future of standards in software engineering - Essay Example This paper will review the evolution of standard software engineering, and how users are affected by this evolution process. The advancement in technology is making it easier for these organizations to be more effective and more advanced. Standards in software engineering have reached a level where, anything is possible. The creation of programs that seek to identify all the would-be users’ needs has revolutionised the way things work in the modern world. Operations are carried out with ease. The effectiveness and precision with which these operations are carried out is growing (Mall 2009). Writing software, to some, is a profession from which they earn their living. Standards range from local invented, to international standards that help software be accepted globally. These are the de facto standards which enable people to operate software that is acceptable throughout the world. Government entities in the world approve of these standard-setting organizations. Some organizations have recognition that reaches the whole world when it comes to setting software standards. The International Organization of Standardization is one of the few. It is abbreviated as ISO. It is a representation of many international bodies. This progress has enabled software standards to have global acceptance (Puntambekar 2009). The evolution of software standards can incorporate the understanding of much more than local industries present in the world. At present, this demand is growing with each passing day. Therefore, soon enough, the future for software engineering will reach its peak (O’Regan 2012). This advancement will enable people to get extra work complete, while taking less time. This is what everybody wants because effectiveness is the aim of this progress. Through the ISO/IEC, many software standards are set and developed to help the global community get through some of the programs that exist. An example of standard in software is the

Poem Assignment Analysis or Character Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poem Analysis or Character - Assignment Example He yearns for the freedom of his earlier life. His lust for wandering is not yet over and he wants to roam the world with his old mariners. Although he is now back in his own kingdom with his wife and son he is still feeling restless and depressed. The poem brings out the agony of his heart as well as his indomitable spirit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The contentment of domestic life is not for a man like Ulysses who is a traveler at heart and by soul. He misses his eventful past life and regrets that he has to now â€Å"mete and dole/Unequal laws unto a savage race,† (Tennyson, 1090, line3). Ulysses’ age is not a barrier to him. His soul still yearns for fresh adventures -â€Å"Come, my friends,/  Tis not too late to seek a newer world.† (Tennyson, 1091, line56) Some of the lines in this poem are enjambed. This means that the sentences often end in the middle rather than the end of the lines. Also the thought expressed in the line does not end with the li ne break-up -  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I cannot rest from travel: I will drink  / Life to the lees: all times I have enjoyed† (Tennyson, 1090, line6) Here the poet expresses different thoughts in different sections of the poem. Initially we see legendary warrior who has returned home and finds the daily routine of life boring and mundane. His yearning for fresh adventures comes through in nearly every line. His aged wife gets mentioned only in two lines of the poem. Likewise he does not seem to have any attachment towards the subjects he governs. His attention is focused only on traveling with his old companions in search of fresh adventures.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ulysses thinks his son Telemachus shall be a prudent king. Telemachus will inherit the throne from his father and govern Ithaca. As for himself Ulysses only wants to venture out in search of a new world- â€Å"Come, my friends/Tis not too late to seek a newer world.† (Tennyson, 1091, line57) Ulysses is we ll aware of the risks involved but this does not deter him. Neither old age nor the fear of death frightens this old warrior. Instead he exhorts his mariners to come with him on one last voyage. This poem also makes a statement about defying death and old age. Although death is inevitable we should not allow the fear of death to stop us from reaching our goal. A man should have the courage to live for the moment. Thus we might say this poem is an allegory about mortality. This idea is expressed vividly in the following lines:-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å" We are not now that strength which in the old days     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Moved earth and heaven; that which we are, we are,     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One equal-temper of heroic he arts,     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.† (Tennyson, 1091, line66) Thus the feelings of the poet are similar to the sentiments expressed by Ulysses when he tells his men â€Å"To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.† (Tennyson, 1091, line70) It is the indomitable courage of Ulysses that appeals to the poet and which finds expression in this poem. It is this fearlessness, which is an integral part of Ulysses’s character. The Ulysses we find in this poem cannot be called a perfect hero. There are several flaws in his character. Perhaps these imperfections make him more

Exams versus Another Form of Assessment Case Study

Exams versus Another Form of Assessment - Case Study Example Up to today, almost all students usually think that taking of exams will rank them according to what they can do or achieve. This paper despises the fact that examinations are not proportional to what a student can do. Therefore, it seconds that fact that exams should be outlawed in favor of another assessment.According to Albert Einstein (2008), he said that everyone is a genius. However, the genius levels usually vary and that exam cannot equate someone’s potential to how he or she performs after a given exam seating. Children are different from each other, and this will make them have different abilities. Therefore, there is no any single day that a teacher can judge student’s learning ability through the same means for all the children. Since each child is a different being, they then portray very different learning styles. However, it is disheartening to affirm that when assessing the children who have different learning styles, that most teachers usually do not ap preciate these differences. It is worth noting that, this evaluation style usually gives out a very wrong perception on the students. In other words, this gives a very inaccurate reflection of the progress plus learning abilities of the student. What teachers should understand is that, if they know that students are usually learning differently, why are they using the same criterion of evaluation to them all?Sadly, from the time immemorial, if a certain number of students fail exams, it is noted that the whole concept will never be repeated. Teachers usually claim that they are rushing to finish the syllabus or if they repeat the same concept then his or her subject will lack behind in terms of syllabus finishing (Beatley, 2010.p. 102). It is good for finishing syllabus, however, how will that benefit students who did not understand a certain concept and they failed it in exams? Students are frequently ushered into another topic, without them understanding the previous concept. This is a clear evidence that there is no way, a student’s ability of potential can be measured by the use of exams.

The Part Time Workers Essay Example for Free

The Part Time Workers Essay Introduction Working part time can be a good way of balancing ones work and personal commitments. Part-time workers have the right to be treated fairly in comparison to their full-time colleagues [icn.ch]. A part-time worker is one who works fewer hours than a full-time worker.  Theres no specific number of hours that makes one full or part-time. The reasons for working part-time vary from one individual to another. It may be that one simply wants to have a different work-life balance, or one may have caring responsibilities. Part time work means different things to different people. Part-time work may be defined as regular wage employment with hours of work substantially shorter than normal in the establishment concerned [direct.gov.uk]. It may mean working at night to some people or working during the day to others. This depends on the custom and practice of each work place. For example in developing countries night duty is viewed as a part time job whereas advanced countries adopt a system of part time employment where employees work per hour. Hence it can be implemented by day or night. The aim of this paper is to introduce the part time workers regulations 2000.This law was implemented [europa.eu] to facilitate the development of part time work on a voluntary basis. It also aimed at contributing to the flexible organization of working time in a manner that takes into account the needs of workers. It was amended in the year 2000 but came into force on 1st October 2002. Its aim was to prevent part time workers from less favourable treatment such as discrimination in redundancy, promotion, training, pension schemes and job benefits, pay and appraisal. Amendments to the part time workers regulations 2000 According to the policy of the relevant Australian government perspective [cpe.sa.gov.au], part time workers regulations were amended as follows: Part-timers must be treated at least as well as equivalent full-time workers, unless the reason why not can be objectively justified. An equivalent full-time worker is one doing a similar job on the same type of contract. 2) The regulations include temporary staff such as agency and casual workers but part time agency workers cant compare themselves to full time permanent workers. The regulations dont stop employers giving better terms to part-timers, perhaps to encourage a more balanced workforce, but the employer will need to be sure that doing this is not against other discrimination laws. 3) Part-timers must be treated at least as well as equivalent full-time workers, unless the reason why not can be objectively justified. An equivalent full-time worker is one doing a similar job on the same type of contract. 4) The regulations include temporary staff such as agency and casual workers but part time agency workers cant compare themselves to full time permanent workers. The regulations dont stop employers giving better terms to part-timers, perhaps to encourage a more balanced workforce, but the employer will need to be sure that doing this is not against other discrimination laws. 5) Employees wanting to work part time should discuss their requirements with their manager. If it is agreed that part time work can be arranged there should be a written agreement which includes the period of part time work, the actual hours of work, and the duties and responsibilities for the part time work arrangement. Any changes to these arrangements should be agreed to by both parties. 6) Employers are expected to give reasonable and positive consideration to requests to work part time. They should also provide objective justification of why vacancies are not suitable for conversion to part time.   They should develop a part time policy which ensures that employees are treated fairly and have equal access to general conditions of employment.   7) Appropriate management of part time employees is crucial. Managers need to consider ways of formally redesigning jobs to provide for part time work and ensure that part time employees are given equal access to training, development and promotional opportunities. Managers should check that the work load for part time employees is not the same as that of a full time employee and is commensurate with the hours worked [cpe.sa.gov.au]. RIGHTS OF PART TIME WORKERS Part-time workers rights are synonymous with analysing their rates of pay. In this regard, part-time workers must get at least the same hourly pay rate as a full-timer doing a similar job [eoc-law.org.uk]. This means that the part time bonus should be in proportion to the hours.   Ã‚  For example if a full time worker gets a  £1000 bonus, a part time worker working half the number of hours should get  £500. The employer should set the same working hours for enhanced overtime pay as for full timers. So the part timer might not get overtime pay until he/she has worked more than the normal hours of a full-time worker [eoc-law.org.uk]. Pension opportunities and benefits Employers should not discriminate between full-time and part-time workers over access to pension schemes [eoc-law.org.uk]. Other company benefits (such as company cars, employee discounts, and health insurance) should be given pro rata if possible. If this is not possible then the employer will have to decide whether or not to offer the benefit to everybody. Training and career development Part-time workers mustnt be excluded from training and career development opportunities [compactlaw.co.uk]. Training must be organised at times that suit most workers, including part-timers. Holidays All workers have the right to a minimum amount of annual holiday   [compactlaw.co.uk]. Many employers give more than the statutory minimum amount of holiday. Under the regulations part-timers should be treated no less favourably; this normally means that a part time worker will get a pro rata proportion of what the full-time workers get.   The employer should not round down the number of days given, because this would be unfavourable treatment, but fractions of a day might be given as hours. Sick pay, maternity, adoption and paternity leave and pay Part-timers are entitled to the same rights to sick pay and maternity, paternity and adoption leave and pay, and parental leave as full-time staff. If companies give more than the statutory entitlement, part-timers must also get these contractual benefits [compactlaw.co.uk]. Selection for promotion and transfer, or for redundancy Being part-time cant be used as a reason for selection for transfer or redundancy, or refusing a promotion, unless it can be justified objectively [eoc-law.org.uk].   A part-timer who meets the promotion requirements have the right to be promoted. A part –timer who is transferred to the hardship areas should also get the same hardship allowances as a full-timer. Flexibility in working Its important to balance your work and home life. The right to ask for flexible working aims to help employers and workers agree on work patterns that suit everyone [compactlaw.co.uk]. Any working pattern adapted to suit one’s needs. Common types of flexible working are: Part-time: this is where one works less than the normal hours, perhaps by working fewer days per week. For example, if there are forty normal working hours in five days a week, one may choose to work for three days a week. This means that the part-timer will work for twenty four hours weekly. Flexi-time: in this case, one works at his/her convenient time. There is usually a core period during which one has to work. For example one can decide to do his/her duties in the night while another person prefers to work during the day. Annualised hours: your hours are worked out over a year (often set shifts with you deciding when to work the other hours). Compressed hours: working your agreed hours over fewer days Staggered hours: different starting, break and finishing times for employees in the same workplace. Job sharing: sharing a job designed for one person with someone else Home working: working from home   Effectiveness of part time workers regulations 2000 a) When reorganising workloads employers [direct.gov.uk] must be careful to ensure that part-time workers are not treated less favourably than full-time workers, unless the employer can justify the different treatment on objective grounds. This will mean for example, making a wider range of job types open to part-timers, such as levels of management. Part-timers should be given equal opportunity to seek promotion whether the post is full-time or part-time. The Department of Trade Industry recommend as best practice that employers periodically review whether posts they are offering could be performed by part-time workers and seek to maximise the range of posts designated as suitable for part-time work or job-sharing. b) Employers need to ensure that part-time staff are not excluded from profit sharing or share option schemes as such exclusion will be unlawful [direct.gov.uk]. However, if the exclusion can be objectively justified then it may be permissible, e.g. where a pro rata entitlement to share options by part-time staff would mean their share options would be so small as to be worthless, as it would cost more to realize the shares. c) Part-timers should have the same access to occupational pension schemes as full-timers, unless exclusion can be justified on objective grounds [direct.gov.uk]. d) It is no longer acceptable to choose to make part-time workers redundant before full-time workers. This would be unlawful under the Regulations and might also amount to sex discrimination if the majority of the part-time workers were women. The criteria for selecting jobs for redundancy must be objectively justified and not cause less favourable treatment between full-timers and part-timers [direct.gov.uk]. e) As far as perks such as health insurance, staff discounts, company cars and subsidized mortgages are concerned it may not be possible to divide these on a pro rata basis for part-timers and in that case an employer can decide whether or not to withhold these benefits from part-timers, but their decision must be capable of justification on objective grounds. If ways can be found to provide the perks then they should be provided [direct.gov.uk]. For example, in the case of a company car for full-timers an employer might calculate the financial value of this perk and give that value to a part-timer pro rata by other means such as a car allowance. f) Although there is no legal right for a worker to be able to change their hours of work the employment tribunals have in the past made rulings that where women returning from maternity leave are refused part-time hours that this could amount to indirect sex discrimination. As such employers must be sensitive to requests to work part-time and look at such requests sympathetically. Employers should consider establishing written procedures for considering requests by workers to change their hours [direct.gov.uk]. Conclusion The part time workers regulation 2000 has been effective in so far as it meets the purpose of this law which was to prevent part time workers from less favourable treatment has been achieved [direct.gov.uk]. It has facilitated the elimination of part time workers discrimination. It has also helped to improve the quality of part time work. It has also facilitated the development of part time work on a voluntary basis where the worker is allowed to make choice on the working time convenient for him/her. This law has also contributed to the flexible organization of working time in a manner which takes into account the needs of employers and workers. The law has also ensured that there is an agreement between the employer and the employee on various issues. These issues [direct.gov.uk] include: How the hours of work will be divided Communication strategy to be put in place Clearly defined roles and responsibilities for each employee Continuity strategy to be put in place Review arrangements to be put in place. Part time workers in this country will therefore have a reason to work in an environment of increased security, both of personal rights and freedoms, and those related to employment. Works Cited Advantages of claiming under the Part-Time Workers Regulations http://www.eoc-law.org.uk/Default.aspx?page=2676 [Cited: 19 July 2007]    Amendments To The Part-Time Workers (Prevention Of Less Favourable Treatment) Regulations 2000 http://www.dti.gov.uk/employment/workandfamilies/part-time/page19035.html [Crown copyright 2007]    Council Directive 97/81/EC of 15 December 1997 concerning the Framework Agreement on parttime working concluded by UNICE, CEEP and the ETUC. [ See amending acts ] http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/cha/c10416.htm    Equal Opportunities Commision.   http://www.eoc.org.uk/default.aspx?page=15286 [Cited: 12 June 2007] Flexible working and work-life balance: an introduction http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Employment/Employees/WorkingHoursAndTimeOff/DG_10029491    Key Skills Development Through Part-Time Voluntary Work http://www.corporate.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/iiabf?ii_app=modcatprocname=displaymodulecrse_cd=01997acdmc_sssn_cd=04/05    Part-time work. http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Employment/Employees/EmploymentContractsAndConditions/DG_10027738    Part-time Employment http://www.icn.ch/pspart-time00.htm [Cited: 2000] Steps for introducing part time and job share arrangements http://www.cpe.sa.gov.au/policy.asp?a=viewid=15572view_id=15615o=idL1=854idL2=69idL3=idL4=       The Part-Time Workers (Prevention of Less Favourable Treatment) Regulations 2000 http://www.compactlaw.co.uk/free_legal_articles/part_time_workers_regs_2000.html    Why I Started a Virtual Company http://members.aol.com/nancyds/ess-telecom.html

Analysis of Debating Democracys The Media: Vast Wasteland or New Frontier? :: Democracy Debates Media Essays

Analysis of Debating Democracy's "The Media: Vast Wasteland or New Frontier?"   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Debating Democracy's "The Media: Vast Wasteland or New Frontier?" Jarol Manheim and Douglas Rushkoff present opposing views of the media. Both authors raise the questions of what the media represents and what messages the media tries to send to the public. Is the media's coverage of events just for entertainment value or do the reports have political content and value? Are the viewers capable of distinguishing between the media's glitz and the real facts? Do different sources of the media system actually portray different views and stories? A key question is how typical objective reporting is. If the knowledge can easily be obtained elsewhere, it is possible to conclude with pluralists that citizens have the tools to govern themselves more or less democratically. If, on the other hand, there are serious shortcomings, one might agree with the power elite camp that the people, because they have insufficient meaningful information, wield less power than they could and should.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Manheim claims that the media is not as diverse as it claims to be. He states, Though for competitive purposes they might have us believe otherwise, most American news organizations have a great deal in common with one another . . . they define news itself in essentially the same terms. (Manheim, 1991) He argues that the media entertains the viewers rather than giving them information that is relevant and socially important. Manheim's view about what the mass media system actually does to the news is similar to what W. Lance Bennett lists as the four main media biases: fragmentation, normalization, personalization and dramatization (Bennett, 1996). These biases are described by Manheim as the media system "[rendering] the content of the news less burdensome by packaging it more attractively" (Manheim, 1991).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Contrary to Manheim's views, Rushkoff looks at how the viewers are able to use and understand the media's messages. Rather than viewing the media as a mass system composed of the elite who view the public as a commodity, Rushkoff believes that the people strive to shape and understand the world through the messages the media portrays. Furthermore, he claims that the media is merely a reflection of the society that the viewers themselves have created. The viewers have the ability to choose which medium of media they will use (Internet, network, newspaper, etc.). Rushkoff says that the news has now become "interactive" and the people (particularly those under forty) have come to understand the media's symbols better (Rushkoff, 1994).

The Most Tragic Othello :: Othello essays

The Most Tragic Othello    William Shakespeare has written many plays.   His most tragic play is Othello. Othello is also the name of the main character in the play, he is quite hard to understand. In order to have a better understanding of Othello's character, examining his changes throughout the play, flaws and why he is considered a tragic hero will give the reader an insight of his overall personality.   Othello changes many times throughout the course of the play.   At the beginning of the play Othello trusts Desdemona with everything, but throughout the play he loses confident in her because he listens to Iago's suggestions about her.   "'Cassio, my lord? No, sure, I cannot think it That he would sneak away so guilty like, Seeing you come.'" (Shakespeare 105).  Ã‚   He shows disrespect to Desdemona in front of other people.   "'Devil' he strikes her 'I have not deserved this.'"   (141).  Ã‚   Othello changes even more dramatically because of the poison suggestions that Iago has given him.  Ã‚   He goes out of control and eventually kills Desdemona thinking that she has did something wrong.      Othello has many tragic flaws.   He is a really gullible person, for example he was tricked by Iago; thinking that Desdemona was really having an affair with Cassio.   " ` Did he confess it?'" (134).   He trusts Iago too much and totally relies on Iago therefore making him really vulnerable to Iago's evilish schemes.   Othello's gullibility causes him to be jealous.   He let's his jealousy take over, he looses control of himself and acts on his jealous emotions, he let's his jealousy clutter his mind and good judgment.   "`Damn her, lewd minx! O, damn her, damn her! Come go with me part.   I will withdraw To furnish me with some swift means of death.   For the fair devil.   Now are the my lieutenant'" (122). Othello's other flaw is his anger.   Othello acts upon his anger and therefore ends up doing the things he regrets afterwards. "`It is too late.' `O Lord, O Lord, Lord!' he smothers her"(168).   Therefore by examining those points Othello has many tragic flaws in him.      Othello is considered a tragic hero because he fights for the people in Venice in Cyprus.   "'The Turk with a most mighty preparation makes for Cyprus.

Alcoholism Problem Essay

Alcoholism is a chronic problem that includes difficulty in controlling drinking, having to drink consistently to get physical independence, being preoccupied with alcohol, and continually using alcohol regardless of problems it causes (Brick, 2004). Alcohol should not be legal in U.S. because it is impacts negatively on health, family, community and on a person’s education. Alcohol drinking is like taking a drug. It is a form of drug addiction and drug abuse. Alcoholism is a worldwide problem that affects many people. Drinking alcohol has negative short and long term effects. Alcoholism has been associated with adverse effects on health, family, community, and education (Marshall, 2000). However, the effects on a person depends on particular factors such as how often and how much alcohol is taken, a person’s age, gender, when a person begun drinking and how long they have been drinking, their health, and family history (Begleiter & Kissin, 1996). It is in this regard t hat alcohol should not be legal in the United States. Alcohol is addictive, and people become addicts end up spending a lot of money on alcohol. It means that when they spend all the money they have on alcohol, they forget their families, and are not able to support the community in anyway. Some resort to stealing to sustain their drinking habit. Alcohol addicts sometimes engage in robbery acts to get the money for drinks. Community becomes at risk of destruction with excessive alcohol consumption allowed. When many people engage in excessive consumption of alcohol, education becomes at risk. People drop out of school, and illiteracy level increase in the community. In addition, the progress and development of any community depends on the health of its people. Therefore, when alcohol puts the health of its members at risk, community suffers in the long run. Alcohol affects both female and male differently. Men who consume alcohol, daily have an increased risk of health risks. Such men can experience cancer and heart disease in the long-term and  low energy to sexual difficulties in the short-term (Brick, 2004). Men are more likely to suffer from liver cirrhosis, and have higher chances of being diagnosed with high blood pressure. Nearly 26.6% of deaths among men of be tween 16 and 24 years old can be attributed to alcohol consumption. Men tend to be more dependent of alcohol (Marshall, 2000). Drinking too much alcohol damages a person’s body organs such as liver, brain, stomach, heart, and intestines. Brain is adversely affected because the brain cells die leading to loss of memory, learning difficulties, brain disorders, confusion, and problems with attention (Blane & Leonard, 1999). Liver is highly affected because of the great possibility of developing cancer in the liver, throat and mouth. The stomach may also acquire ulcers. Long-term drinking has also been linked to stroke and heart failure. The nervous system can also experience damage leading to behavioral and physical problems (Dasgupta, 2011). These problems affect health, family, community, and education in the long-term because of expenses associated with alcohol consumption, and possible treatment measures. Alcohol poses many effects on the body such as fertility. It reduces levels of testosterone. As a result, it could decline sperm quantity and quality, and lead to loss of libido. Alcohol is toxic to the testicles, and affects hormones. It could hamper production of sperms, hinder them from developing properly, and slow their movement towards the egg. Alcohol can also limit the liver from metabolizing vitamin A properly. It also depresses the nervous system, and could result in difficulty in getting and keeping erection (Peters, 2008). Many young adults do not realize that alcohol has a fattening effect. Alcohol can reduce the amount of fat that the body burns for energy. The human body makes several attempts to eliminate alcohol very fast as it cannot remain in the body for storage. The process takes priority over nutrient absorption and burning of fat. In the long-term, there could be a serious damage in the appearance. Other effects include loss of hair in the body, breast enlargement, and withering of testicles (Dasgupta, 2011). Alcohol has also been associated with worsening of skin disorders such as rosacae. Rosacae skin disorder is responsible for expansion of blood vessels in the face making it redder. Heavy drinking can cause the appearance of pus spots and red bumps. It has also been linked to inflammation, pain and swelling in the joints. The effect is common among men of between 30 and 60 years old  (Hannigan, Spear, Spear & Goodlett, 1999). As mentioned earlier, heavy drinking increases the chances of heart disease, liver damage, bone disease, cancer, anxiety and depression, and type II diabetes. Heavy consumption of alcohol also caused inflammation on the pancreas and irritates stomach. These effects indirectly affect family, community and education (Peters, 2008). Women are not safe from alcohol either. The body of women takes much time to process alcohol compared to men. Women feel more effects of alcohol than men even when they drink the same amount. The fertility of women is at risk with heavy consumption of alcohol. Women are high risk of acquiring breast cancer, and adverse impacts of the menopause. Women are advised in several studies to avoid alcohol when trying to have a baby. Alcohol disrupts menstrual cycle in women, and limits their chances of conceiving. These are bad effects on the body, and not good for family and community in general. Therefore, alcohol should not be legal in the United States (Hannigan, Spear, Spear & Goodlett, 1999). While drinking less alcohol may make one look good, heavy consumption causes bad skin, tired eyes, and weight gain for both f emale and male. It also interferes with people’s sleep. Heavy consumers of alcohol often wake up and feel like they have not had enough rest. Alcohol dehydrates the body and skin. It deprives the skin of certain vital nutrients and vitamins. Hence, it is not good for health. Alcohol is also responsible for much divorce among couples due to fights in the family, and lack of finances for family upkeep (Dasgupta, 2011). Alcohol is depressant. It means that alcohol calms people down, and slows down some body organs. With only 0.05% level of blood-alcohol, a person begins getting dulled judgment, and his or her inhibitions get released. They then become clumsy and start having slurred speech with only a 0.10% blood-alcohol level. At 0.30% level of blood-alcohol, one nearly becomes unconscious. Any addition after that becomes extremely dangerous since at 0.45%, one can get into a coma. Brain shuts down from 0.70% and stop controlling the heart, breathing, and one may end up dead. Other short-term effects include blurred vision, blackouts and insomnia. These can lead to injuries, accidents, and even death. Drinking alcohol also causes hangover in the next morning, which is associated with nausea, headaches, heartburn, fatigue, thirst, and dizziness. There are many side effects of alcohol (Peters, 2008).Conclusion In conclusion, consumption of alcohol should be reconsidered in U.S because  of its adverse effects on health, family, community, and education. Alcohol should only be taken when necessary. The side effects are adverse and continue to destroy people across the world. Therefore, alcohol should not be legal in the United States because it is impacts negatively on health, family, community and on a person’s education. References Begleiter, H., & Kissin, B. (1996). The pharmacology of alcohol and alcohol dependence. New York: Oxford University Press. Blane, H. T., & Leonard, K. E. (1999). Psychological theories of drinking and alcoholism. New York [u.a.: Guilford Press. Brick, J. (2004). Handbook of the medical consequences of alcohol and drug abuse. New York: Haworth Press. Dasgupta, A. (2011). The science of drinking: How alcohol affects your body and mind. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield. Hannigan, J. H., Spear, L. P., Spear, N. E., & Goodlett, C. R. (1999). Alcohol and Alcoholism: Effects on Brain and Development. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis. Marshall, R. (2000). Alcoholism: Genetic culpability or social irresponsibility: the challenge of innovative methods to determine final outcomes. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. Peters, A. R. (2008). Combined effects of alcohol and nicotine on subjective responses and cognitive functioning, Dissertation Abstracts International, 69-4